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        <h3 id="一、别让我思考"><a href="#一、别让我思考" class="headerlink" title="一、别让我思考"></a>一、别让我思考</h3><p>网页的易用性最重要的一点就是无需用户去思考。这也代表着交互一般劲量趋向于简单化，平整化，以减少用户的认知负担，减少对用户的干扰。</p>
<p>示例：亚马逊搜索没有提及一定要去搜索什么内容，只会对你所输入的进行分析，这样就会减少用户的思考的成本（淘宝也是如此，通过自然语言处理来对用户的输入进行分析）</p>
<p>比较典型的地方：</p>
<ul>
<li>按钮是否明显</li>
<li>相同的信息是否集中</li>
<li>搜索是否便捷</li>
<li>关键功能的位置是否显眼、是否易用</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="二、扫描，满意即可，勉强应付"><a href="#二、扫描，满意即可，勉强应付" class="headerlink" title="二、扫描，满意即可，勉强应付"></a>二、扫描，满意即可，勉强应付</h3><p>根据我自身使用web的时候，突然觉得这个很有道理。往往当我们在web上进行浏览的时候，只会对我们所关注的信息进行仔细的观察。也就是说，我们在访问一个网页时，会首先对整个网页进行一次扫描，在这个扫描的过程中，我们会对我们感兴趣的知识进行提取，而那些我们在扫描过程中不是很在意的东西就会进行忽略。</p>
<p>为什么扫描：</p>
<ul>
<li>我们总是处于忙碌中</li>
<li>我们知道自己不必阅读所有内容</li>
<li>我们善于扫描</li>
</ul>
<p>也真是由于用户只是扫描页面，因此其实用户并不会去真正的寻找最佳结构，而是满意即可，即选择第一个合理的选项。（我们在作出决策也是如此，只会寻找第一个合理的决策就可能去执行）</p>
<h3 id="三、-广告牌设计101法则（为扫描设计，不为阅读设计）"><a href="#三、-广告牌设计101法则（为扫描设计，不为阅读设计）" class="headerlink" title="三、 广告牌设计101法则（为扫描设计，不为阅读设计）"></a>三、 广告牌设计101法则（为扫描设计，不为阅读设计）</h3><p>正是由于我们是扫描页面的，因此要采取以下五个原则：</p>
<ol>
<li>在每个页面上建立清楚的视觉层次</li>
<li>尽量利用习惯用法</li>
<li>把页面划分成明确定义的区域</li>
<li>明显表示可以点击的地方</li>
<li>最大限度降低干扰</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="3-1-建立清楚的视觉层次"><a href="#3-1-建立清楚的视觉层次" class="headerlink" title="3.1 建立清楚的视觉层次"></a>3.1 建立清楚的视觉层次</h4><p>一个视觉层次清楚的页面有三个特点：</p>
<ol>
<li>越重要的部分越突出（h1-h6/p1-p6）</li>
<li>逻辑上相关的部分在视觉上也相关</li>
<li>逻辑上包含的部分在视觉上进行嵌套</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="3-2-关于习惯用法"><a href="#3-2-关于习惯用法" class="headerlink" title="3.2 关于习惯用法"></a>3.2 关于习惯用法</h4><p>首先他们很重要，正是由于习惯、所以符合用户的习惯。但由于设计师们需要造轮子来证明自己（其实工程师也是这样），所以他们一般不想直接使用习惯用法，而是设计出属于自己的一套方法论。</p>
<h4 id="3-3-把页面划分为明确定义的区域"><a href="#3-3-把页面划分为明确定义的区域" class="headerlink" title="3.3 把页面划分为明确定义的区域"></a>3.3 把页面划分为明确定义的区域</h4><p>这可以让用户快速决定关注页面的那些位置（即重点扫描的区域）</p>
<h4 id="3-4-明显表示可以点击的地方"><a href="#3-4-明显表示可以点击的地方" class="headerlink" title="3.4 明显表示可以点击的地方"></a>3.4 明显表示可以点击的地方</h4><p>颜色不同、质感不同等方式。别让用户到处去找</p>
<h4 id="3-5-降低视觉噪声"><a href="#3-5-降低视觉噪声" class="headerlink" title="3.5 降低视觉噪声"></a>3.5 降低视觉噪声</h4><p>页面的难以理解最大的原因就在于视觉噪声，视觉噪声大致分为两大类：</p>
<ul>
<li>眼花缭乱：满眼惊叹号，毫无层次等</li>
<li>背景噪声</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="第四章-为什么用户喜欢无需思考的选择"><a href="#第四章-为什么用户喜欢无需思考的选择" class="headerlink" title="第四章 为什么用户喜欢无需思考的选择"></a>第四章 为什么用户喜欢无需思考的选择</h3><p>一般来说用户在达到目标前所需要的点击次数不应过多（很多网站规定点击次数不应该超过5次）（通常来说网页越平整化越好）</p>
<blockquote>
<p>注：三次无需思考，明确无误的点击相当与一次需要思考的地点击</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="第五章-省略不必要的文字"><a href="#第五章-省略不必要的文字" class="headerlink" title="第五章 省略不必要的文字"></a>第五章 省略不必要的文字</h3><blockquote>
<p>去掉每个页面上一半的文字，然后把剩下的文字再去掉一般 —— krug可用性第三定律</p>
</blockquote>
<p>去掉多余文字的好处：</p>
<ul>
<li>可以降低页面的噪声</li>
<li>让有用的内容更突出</li>
<li>让页面更尖端，让用户在浏览时可以扫描的内容更多，无需滚屏</li>
</ul>
<p>那么我们可以做下面一些事情：</p>
<ol>
<li>欢迎词必须消灭</li>
<li>知识说明必须要消灭</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="第六章-设计导航"><a href="#第六章-设计导航" class="headerlink" title="第六章 设计导航"></a>第六章 设计导航</h3><p>如果网页上让大家找不到方向，人们就不会使用你的网站。</p>
<p>那么重要的事情首先要做的事就是让相关的事物集中在一块，这样当用户在浏览网页的时候，就能快速定位自己所需要找的内容的大体位置。</p>
<h4 id="6-1-网络导航101法则"><a href="#6-1-网络导航101法则" class="headerlink" title="6.1 网络导航101法则"></a>6.1 网络导航101法则</h4><p>我们浏览一个网页的过程：</p>
<ul>
<li>你通常是为了寻找某个目标</li>
<li>如果选择浏览，你将通过标志的引导在层次结构中穿行</li>
<li>找不到我们就会跑路</li>
</ul>
<p>导航的作用：</p>
<ol>
<li>他给了我们一些固定的感觉</li>
<li>他告诉我们当前的位置</li>
<li>他告诉我们如何使用网站</li>
<li>他给了我们对网站建造者的信心</li>
</ol>
<p>重要的是由这两者元素：主页和表单</p>
<ul>
<li>主页：我们可以直接通过主页来确定我们当前的位置</li>
<li>表单：可以将栏目、工具都汇聚在这里，但依然要注意相关性的原则，且层级不应该过深（尽量少于3次）</li>
</ul>
<p>此外要注意的是要保证，无论用户到哪都给他一个可以直接返回主页的按钮，这可以给用户安全感，不会迷失方向。</p>
<p>此外我们还有以下几点需要避免的：</p>
<ul>
<li>花哨的用词</li>
<li>指示说明</li>
<li>选项</li>
</ul>
<p>页面名称需要注意的：</p>
<ul>
<li>大小应该要大于其他的文字</li>
<li>应该出现在合适的位置</li>
<li>每个页面都需要一个名称</li>
<li>名称要引人注意</li>
<li>名称要和点击的链接一致</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="6-2-层级导航"><a href="#6-2-层级导航" class="headerlink" title="6.2 层级导航"></a>6.2 层级导航</h4><p>除了主页面的导航外，还有就是使用层级导航来帮助用户导航。关于层级导航有以下几点最佳实践：</p>
<ul>
<li>把他们放在最顶端</li>
<li>使用&gt;对层级进行分隔</li>
<li>使用小字体</li>
<li>使用了文字“你在这里”</li>
<li>将最后一个元素加粗</li>
<li>没有把他们用作页面的名称</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="6-3-标签"><a href="#6-3-标签" class="headerlink" title="6.3 标签"></a>6.3 标签</h4><p>标签的好处：</p>
<ol>
<li>它们不言而喻</li>
<li>它们很难错过</li>
<li>它们很灵活</li>
<li>它们暗示了一个物理空间</li>
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<p>标签的绘制方法：</p>
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<li>颜色编码（选中的与没选中的不一样）</li>
<li>当你进入网站时，有一个标签已经选中</li>
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<h4 id="6-4-后备箱测试"><a href="#6-4-后备箱测试" class="headerlink" title="6.4 后备箱测试"></a>6.4 后备箱测试</h4><p>所谓的后备箱测试指的是页面设计良好，我们就能快速的答出以下的一些问题：</p>
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<li>这是什么网站</li>
<li>我在哪个网页上</li>
<li>这个网站的主要栏目是哪些</li>
<li>在这个层次上我有哪些选择</li>
<li>我在导航系统的什么位置</li>
<li>我怎么搜索</li>
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<p><strong>降低用户好感的方式：</strong></p>
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<li>因为没有按照你们的方式行事而惩罚我</li>
<li>向我询问不必要的信息</li>
<li>敷衍我，欺骗我</li>
<li>给我设置障碍</li>
<li>你的网站看起来不专业</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>提高好感的几种方式：</strong></p>
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<li>知道人们在你网站上像做什么，并让他们明白简易</li>
<li>告诉我我想知道的</li>
<li>尽量减少步骤</li>
<li>花点心思</li>
<li>知道我可能有哪些疑问，并且给予解答</li>
<li>为我提供协助</li>
<li>容易从错误中恢复</li>
<li>如有不确定，记得道歉</li>
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